Varicosis is a pathological condition, the result of chronic venous insufficiency, in which the venous walls become thinner, the light of the veins increases and the aneurysm of expansion (knots) forms.Visually, the veins become very swollen, blue in color, winding.It manifests itself by a feeling of severity in the legs and their fatigue, edema of the feet and legs, night's convulsions in the legs.
The causes of varicose veins
It is impossible to name a specific reason, but there are a certain number of factors, which can lead to an increase in pressure and a decrease in the elasticity of the veins, as well as the weakening of the valves, as a result of this, the varicose veins develop.
In clinical phlebology, a number of provocative factors leading to varicose veins are distinguished:
- Work on the legs or a long stay in a standing position.
- Use of socks with strong elastic bands that press the legs.
- Weakness of the tissues following congenital characteristics.
- Direction.The legs have an increased load of the whole body.This factor is dangerous for people whose work involves an prolonged position.
- Genetic predisposition.If the parents had varicose veins, then a child with a probability of 70% will also have the development of pathology.Admittedly, the risks can be reduced, avoiding their appearance.To do this, you just need to create provable factors.With a genetic predisposition, varicose veins appear very early.
- Life.If a person is not active enough, the risk of varicose veins increases.Phlebologists call a similar state "IT Varicus".
- Hormonal dysfunction and bearing the fetus.During pregnancy, varicose veins develop due to an increase in blood volume, as well as veins that increase the size of the uterus.In hormonal failures, progesterone production and reducing the increase in estrogen synthesis, which increases blood coagulation.
- Obstacles of the flow of blood.This condition occurs with the formation of blood clots, the development of tumors.
- Obesity.An excess weight improves the load on the feet, the malnutrition of the blood circulation begins and too much in too much cause an increase in abdominal pressure, which changes the flow of blood.
- Diabetes.In case of illness, a high sugar level begins to damage the vascular system, which leads to the formation of blood clots.
- Stress and nervous disorders affect blood vessels, lead to the development of varicose veins.
- Alcohol abuse.Alcohol is capable of folding the body, and with excessive consumption, the blood thickens, the blocking of the veins and the malnutrition of the blood flow begins.
- Unstable nutrition.If the body does not receive vitamins C, E, P, as well as useful trace elements: the blood circulation is disturbed, the state of the blood vessels worsens, which leads to varicose veins.
- Frequent stool period.In this case, the abdominal pressure increases and the flow of blood in the legs is disturbed.
- Pathologies of kidneys and hearts.
- An overdose of drugs to increase blood coagulation.
Depending on the cause of the development of the disease, 3 main stages of varicose veins can be distinguished:
- Compensation.
- Sub -nternsation.
- Decompensation.
The varicose veins do not apply to serious, but frightening pathologies with its complications.
Be careful!If the disease appears, it will not pass itself.A prematurely appeal to a specialist leads to serious violations, which represents a danger.
The main symptoms of varicose veins
The clinical image of varicose veins is not difficult, which allows a phebologist to quickly make a preliminary diagnosis and direct the patient to an instrumental diagnosis.
Among the main signs of expansion of varicose veins, they distinguish:
- The emergence of swelling on the legs at the end of the day in the evening.The very first symptom is among the possible, especially when you wear tight shoes.After a normal rest in the morning, swelling disappears.
- Heaviness in the legs.A person does not only feel gravity, but the bursting of calves, especially after a working day.A symptom appears more often in people with sedentary work.If you spend walks in the evening and rest, the panels disappear in the morning, but in the evening, they reappear.
- Strong heat in the legs, namely calves.
- Convulsions at night that reduce caviar.
- The appearance of a vascular mesh on the legs ("stars" blue blue).
- An increase in veins on the legs (as if it rushes on the skin).This characteristic develops one of the latter and speaks of an expansion of pronounced varicose veins.
The symptoms described are subject to compulsory treatment that before that, less serious complications will be.
Varicose complications
With the appearance of varicose veins, the pathology itself will not pass and without treatment begins to give complications.What is dangerous varicose veins and what consequences can be against the context of the disease?
The complicated form of varicose veins is declared through:
- Thrombophlebitis in acute form.
- Trophic ulcers.
- Phlebotrombose.
- Bleeding.
Progressive disease causes the development of varicothrombophlebititis, then phlebotromosse.These states affect the deep veins, the blood flow of the legs is not only disturbed, but can stop, because of the forms of gangrene.
Diagnosis of varicose veins
At the beginning of varicose vein development, symptoms are generally not expressed, often leg pain and other sensations are canceled on fatigue.
The patient is not resolved to the doctor's visit to the doctor (when the veins start to swell and it becomes a notable naked eye).
The diagnoses of varicose veins are engaged in a photo specialist, the diagnosis is established on the basis of a conversation with the patient, the confrontation, as well as diagnostic data, in particular ::
- Examination of the color duplex.Allows you to measure the speed, the blood direction.The data allow you to create a blood flow card.
- Phlébography.Display the external characteristics of the veins, the work of the valves.The method is used in extreme cases.
- Diagnostic samples - You allow you to determine the permeability of the veins and the condition of the valves.The most common ventilation is Troyanov.
- Dopplerography - A blood flow is carried out in a particular vessel.
The methods described are used to diagnose the surface and the deep veins.
The consequences of varicose veins on the legs
The danger is not in the varicose veins itself, but the complications and the subsequent consequences which become a real threat to human life.Consider in more detail.
Venous deficiency
This condition involves several stages of development.At the very beginning of venous insufficiency, changes are insignificant and horizontal venous reflux appears.
4 steps can be distinguished:
- Zero.There are no characteristic symptoms, only temporary swelling of the legs occurs, the veins are slightly perceptible.
- First of all.It is accompanied by a strong expansion of the varicose vessels in the legs, but there are no trophic failures.
- The second.The obvious appearance of the veins on the legs with a large number of nodes, the legs are affected by eczema, ulcers.
- The third.A persistent trophic violation that cannot be stopped with medication.
In chronic venous insufficiency, patients occur in the following symptoms:
- Itching.
- Pain.
- Convulsions.
- Swelling.
- Stagnation of blood and appearance of training (varicose nodes).
- Ulcers.
Thrombophlebitis
This complication is characterized by the appearance of blood clots that obstruct the vessels.Blood becomes viscous, which leads to an output complication.The top of the lower leg and the bottom of the thigh are affected.The phebologist can easily determine the complication of the changes expressed:
- Redness.
- Pain.
- Weakness.
- Tissue seal.
With the development of thrombophlebitis, many veins are affected, including the pulmonary artery.The treatment of thrombophlebitis should be carried out without delay at the first symptoms, surgery is used as therapy.
At the initial stages, ambulatory therapy is carried out if the varicose veins have not reached the bottom of the leg.
For treatment, they use:
- Non -steroidal drugs to eliminate inflammation.
- Anticoagulants.
- Angioprotectors.
- Diggarts.
Trost ulcer
A trophic ulcer always occurs in advanced cases when the flow of blood is very disturbed.Characteristic sign signs:
- Slow training.
- Dampering the skin on the legs, severe pigmentation.
Any leg injury can cause damage and a break in ulcers.If you provide rapid assistance, there will be no consequences and the injury will heal rapidly, otherwise the inflammation of the tissues begins, the development of a bacterial infection of variable gravity is possible.
For the treatment of complicated trophic ulcers, an operation is carried out.During treatment, experts prescribe rest in bed for 2 weeks or more.As a conservative treatment, large -action antibiotics, regeneration drugs and local antiseptics are prescribed.
Thromboembolia of the pulmonary artery
Thromboembolia is the most dangerous and often fatal consequence.This condition implies the occlusion of the pulmonary artery or its thrombotic branches by the masses which have detached.
The main development risks:
- Oncology.
- Perform surgery.
- Heart failure.
- Thrombophilia.
- Long lie.
Women are more often subject to complications, development is possible even in children.You can determine the thromboembolium pulmonary artery by the following symptoms:
- Chest pain.
- Temperature growth.
- Tachycardia.
- Wait with blood.
- Cough.
- Skpsulating breathing.
- Dyspnea.
It is impossible to diagnose the disease itself, with a suspicion of thromboembolia, urgent hospitalization is carried out.
Treatment of varicose veins and prevention
To date, several main types of expansion of varicose veins are used:
- Conservative treatment.The technique depends on the stage of the disease.Use drug treatment, sclerotherapy of affected veins, compression treatment.
- Surgical treatment.Several types of operations are included in this method: veins radiofrequency, endoveous thermal occlusion, the operation of Varadi, as well as coagulation in the veins laser.
The essence of prevention is to maintain the vessels in a healthy state, as well as to prevent venous traffic failures.
Preventive measures are also shown for healthy people who, due to genetics or standing work, are possible to develop varicose veins, as well as for those who are already sick of varicose veins.
For the purpose of prevention, you must:
- To control body weight, with leg obesity, a strong load is, blood circulation and blood vessels cannot operate normally.By applying diets to reduce the mass, the menu must be checked so that it is correct and full.
- It is just to eat so that there are products in the diet that strengthen the vascular system and normalize blood circulation.It is necessary to include more plant foods, coarse flour bread.
- Perform a moderate physical activity which prevents varicose veins and supporting the veins of the legs in good condition.Swimming, walking, dance is ideal.
- Wear free clothes, shoes.
- Use products in the form of ointments and creams that can saturate tissues with useful substances, improve blood circulation, strengthen blood vessels.
Even if varicose veins are starting to develop, prevention can considerably slow down the development of pathology, reduce the risk of complications.